How do machine learning techniques help in increasing accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps?     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):871-883

Landslides are abundant in mountainous regions.They are responsible for substantial damages and losses in those areas.The A1 Highway,which is an important road in Algeria,was sometimes constructed in mountainous and/or semi-mountainous areas.Previous studies of landslide susceptibility mapping conducted near this road using statistical and expert methods have yielded ordinary results.In this research,we are interested in how do machine learning techniques help in increasing accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps in the vicinity of the A1 Highway corridor.To do this,an important section at Ain Bouziane(NE,Algeria) is chosen as a case study to evaluate the landslide susceptibility using three different machine learning methods,namely,random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),and boosted regression tree(BRT).First,an inventory map and nine input factors were prepared for landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM) analyses.The three models were constructed to find the most susceptible areas to this phenomenon.The results were assessed by calculating the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve,the standard error(Std.error),and the confidence interval(CI) at 95%.The RF model reached the highest predictive accuracy(AUC=97.2%) comparatively to the other models.The outcomes of this research proved that the obtained machine learning models had the ability to predict future landslide locations in this important road section.In addition,their application gives an improvement of the accuracy of LSMs near the road corridor.The machine learning models may become an important prediction tool that will identify landslide alleviation actions.  相似文献   

Main active faults and seismic activity along the Yangtze River Economic Belt: Based on remote sensing geological survey     

《China Geology》2020,3(2):314-338

The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) spans three terrain steps in China and features diverse topography that is characterized by significant differences in geological structure and present-day crustal deformation. Active faults and seismic activity are important geological factors for the planning and development of the YREB. In this paper, the spatial distribution and activity of 165 active faults that exist along the YREB have been compiled from previous findings, using both remote-sensing data and geological survey results. The crustal stability of seven particularly noteworthy typical active fault zones and their potential effects on the crustal stability of the urban agglomerations are analyzed. The main active fault zones in the western YREB, together with the neighboring regional active faults, make up an arc fault block region comprising primarily of Sichuan-Yunnan and a “Sichuan-Yunnan arc rotational-shear active tectonic system” strong deformation region that features rotation, shear and extensional deformation. The active faults in the central-eastern YREB, with seven NE-NNE and seven NW-NWW active faults (the “7-longitudinal, 7-horizontal” pattern), macroscopically make up a “chessboard tectonic system” medium-weak deformation region in the geomechanical tectonic system. They are also the main geological constraints for the crustal stability of the YREB.  相似文献   

额河源流采金矿区不同恢复措施对矿区物种多样性和地上生物量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

许佳  祝晓瞳  苑塏烨 《干旱区地理》2019,42(3):581-589

以额河源流采金后废弃矿区为研究对象，于2011—2015年期间，通过采取不同恢复措施从被破坏矿区草地植物多样性和生物量的角度分析植被恢复效果。结果表明：（1）不同恢复措施促使各植物群落的物种数增加了5%～30%,说明采取恢复措施使得矿区生态环境得到了一定程度的恢复。（2）综合植被群落结构、盖度和地上生物量、物种多样性指数分析，措施A5（推平+圈羊）、A4（推平+补水）、A3（推平+覆土+黑加仑）较其他措施恢复效果更为显著。（3）通过对各样地植被丰富度指数（R）、Shannon Wiener指数(H′)、Simpson指数（D）、Pielou (Jsw)指数与地上生物量分别进行回归分析,发现指数曲线拟合关系最好。表明物种多样性与地上生物量均存在较显著的正相关关系(P <0.05)。本研究可为类似矿区的植被恢复与重建提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

Simplified multi-block constitutive model predicting earthquake-induced landslide triggering and displacement along slip surfaces of saturated sand     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

Slopes consisting of saturated sand have recently moved down-slope tens or hundreds of meters under the action of earthquakes. This paper presents a simplified but accurate method predicting the triggering and displacement of such landslides. For this purpose, a simplified constitutive model simulating soil response of saturated sands along slip surfaces is proposed and validated. Then, this constitutive model is coupled with the multi-block sliding system model to predict the triggering and displacement of such slides. The multi-block model considers a general mass sliding on a trajectory which consists of n linear segments. The steps needed to apply this method are described in detail. The method was applied successfully to predict the triggering, the motion and the final configuration of the well-documented (a) Higashi Takezawa, (b) Donghekou and (c) Nikawa earthquake-induced slides.  相似文献   

日照市露天开采矿山地质环境问题及恢复治理措施          下载免费PDF全文

汪继学  尹俊凯  陈鹏  张承斌 《山东国土资源》2018,34(12)

通过1∶5万矿山地质环境调查和遥感解译手段,对日照市矿山进行了全面的调查,查明各类矿山546处,主要集中在莒县和五莲县境内。除莒县刘官庄煤矿外,其余全部为露天开采矿山,主要选用直接开挖的方式,不仅破坏了地表环境,而且矿山生产活动产生的固体废弃物占用了大面积的土地。该文根据矿山地理位置及开采方式的不同,将相同类型的多个矿山划分为同一治理区,针对不同治理区的特点,采取科学有效的治理方法,建立健全矿山地质环境监督管理机制,切实解决矿山地质环境问题,改善生态环境。  相似文献   

全球重大疫情对经济系统的影响及其响应的比较研究     

李国平  杨艺  徐祯  李涛 《世界地理研究》2020,29(6):1091-1101

新型冠状病毒疫情扩散范围广、感染人数多，被世界卫生组织列为“国际公共卫生紧急事件”。以2003年中国非典型肺炎、2009年墨西哥甲型H1N1流感、2015年韩国中东呼吸道综合症和截至目前的2020年全球新冠疫情作为典型案例，比较全球重大疫情的经济影响与各地的响应措施，有助于积极探索更好地应对本次新冠疫情经济影响的政策响应途径。在历次疫情影响下，中国、墨西哥、韩国、美国等国家的经济系统都受到了突发疫情的重大影响。2003年中国第二季度GDP增速环比降低1.98%，交通运输、住宿、餐饮等第三产业首当其冲；墨西哥2009年GDP增长率降至-5.286%，旅游、零售餐饮与猪肉行业受到较大冲击；韩国2015年GDP增速由2014年的3.3%降至2.79%，旅游业与零售业的市场需求受到极大抑制；美国2020年第二季度实际GDP按年率计算下滑32.9%，是自1947年以来的最大降幅。为此，各国政府积极响应和应对，多策并举减轻疫情对经济系统的短期冲击：一是通过设立专项资金、增加财政预算，全面支持经济复苏；二是通过为企业提供经营补贴、延缓税收缴纳等举措，减轻企业尤其中小企业的经营负担；三是通过电商平台、城市宣传、简化签证手续等举措，振兴旅游业和商业发展。为了更好地应对此次新型冠状病毒疫情对经济系统的影响，各国应当统筹疫情防控与经济发展，积极采取减费降税、减少企业负担、扶持第三产业等响应举措，尽快恢复正常的世界经济秩序。  相似文献   

Equivalent continuum strain calculations based on 3D particle kinematic measurements of sand          下载免费PDF全文

Siavash Amirrahmat  Khalid A. Alshibli  Maha F. Jarrar  Boning Zhang  Richard A. Regueiro 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(8):999-1015

Constitutive modeling of granular materials has been a subject of extensive research for many years. While the calculation of the Cauchy stress tensor using the discrete element method has been well established in the literature, the formulation and interpretation of the strain tensor are not as well documented. According to Bagi, 1 researchers mostly adopt well‐known continuum or discrete microstructural approaches to calculate strains within granular materials. However, neither of the 2 approaches can fully capture the behavior of granular materials. They are considered complementary to each other where each has its own strengths and limitations in solving granular‐mechanics problems. Zhang and Regueiro 2 proposed an equivalent continuum approach to calculating finite strain measures at the local level in granular materials subjected to large deformations. They used three‐dimensional discrete element method results to compare the proposed strains measures. This paper presents an experimental application of the Zhang and Regueiro 2 approach using three‐dimensional synchrotron microcomputed tomography images of a sheared Ottawa sand specimen. Invariant Eulerian finite strain measures were calculated for representative element volumes within the specimen. The spatial maps of Eulerian octahedral shear and volumetric strain were used to identify zones of intense shearing within the specimen and compared well with maps of incremental particle translation and rotation for the same specimen. The local Eulerian volumetric strain was compared to the global volumetric strains, which also can be considered as an averaging of all local Eulerian volumetric strains.  相似文献   

《巴黎协定》实施细则适应议题焦点解析及后续中国应对措施     

刘硕  李玉娥  秦晓波  高清竹  万运帆 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(4):436-444

适应是《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》下的重要谈判内容。2018年12月举行的第24次缔约方大会（COP24）就适应议题后续实施方案达成了共识,为全球气候治理带来新的机遇和挑战。中国在未来全球气候治理中,如何借助新成果推动国内适应工作稳步发展,积极发挥中国作用,是新形势下亟需考虑的重要问题。基于此,本文梳理了适应议题的焦点问题、各集团和缔约方的立场观点,展望了2019—2025年适应相关议题主要工作安排,并对此提出了中国未来适应领域完成相关工作需要考虑的应对措施建议,包括：(1)深入分析国际信息报告体系与国内信息的联系,梳理国内适应工作亮点,为构建高质量报告奠定基础;(2)构建跨部门跨地区协作机制,加强信息搜集与完善,有效提高数据和信息统计功能;(3)强化气候变化适应技术、规范、标准等科学研究的作用,为制定政策规定时纳入相应技术要求、提高政策规定等需求提供科学性和可操作性的服务。  相似文献   

长白山火山下方地幔转换带中滞留的俯冲太平洋板块存在空缺吗?   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

雷建设  赵大鹏  徐义刚  樊祺诚  米琦  杜沫霏  鲁明文 《岩石学报》2018,34(1):13-22

针对近年来长白山火山下方地幔转换带中是否存在低波速异常指示的太平洋板块"空缺"而引起的不同科学认识的热烈辩论,本文主要回顾了我国东北地区地幔转换带的体波成像结果。使用相对走时残差的远震体波成像结果显示,长白山火山以西地幔转换带中存在低波速异常指示的太平洋板块"空缺";而使用绝对走时残差的区域成像和全球成像结果,尽管展示出长白山火山以西比以东略低的波速异常,但长白山火山以东至我国东北重力梯度带区域下方的地幔转换带均展示出明显的连续的高波速异常。在接收函数分析时,如果以全球平均值660km而非我国东北地区平均值670km作为基准,来分析660km间断面是抬升还是下沉;以全球平均值250km而非我国东北地区平均值260km作为基准,来分析地幔转换带是增厚还是减薄的话,则可以得到长白山火山以东至我国东北重力梯度带区域660km间断面下沉与地幔转换带增厚的认识。这种与绝对走时残差成像结果展示的地幔转换带为连续的高波速异常结果相一致的结果,说明太平洋板块俯冲前缘已由日本海沟抵达我国东北松辽盆地与大兴安岭交界处。结合高温高压实验、数值模拟与岩石地球化学研究结果,本文并不支持长白山火山以西的地幔转换带存在低波速异常指示的板块"空缺"和地幔转换带"减薄"的认识。长白山火山的深部起源与太平洋板块深俯冲至我国东北松辽盆地与大兴安岭交界处形成的"大地幔楔"结构动力学相关。  相似文献   

香龙山背斜几何学、运动学及成因机制          下载免费PDF全文

邓铭哲何登发  李英强张煜颖 张旭亮 《地质科学》2018,(1):289-307

华南板块北侧大巴山构造带和内部雪峰山构造带的关系是华南板块陆内构造变形研究的重要内容。香龙山背斜位于大巴山构造带和雪峰山构造带之间,记录了两构造带相互复合、相互协调的重要信息。为研究香龙山背斜的几何学、运动学特征,分析其形成机制,本次研究利用香龙山地区最新的地震剖面,结合地质图分析、浅表地质剖面绘制等手段,取得了如下结论：1） 香龙山背斜为一短轴状背斜,背斜具有较为宽阔、平坦的顶部和较短的两翼,其西南侧发育构造鼻;2） 香龙山背斜的主要运动学模型为下部断层转折褶皱与上部构造楔复合的模型,其地层变形受到基底物质堆叠抬升的影响;3） 香龙山背斜形成于晚侏罗世-早白垩世,在古近纪遭受改造,这两个变形时期分别对应了香龙山背斜形成现今形态的两个阶段。香龙山背斜南北方向上缩短了11.4 km,缩短率为22.7%;4） 香龙山背斜是在雪峰山构造带北向挤压作用下,由来自大巴山构造带、雪峰山构造带的共同作用力形成的,后期改造作用可能受控于青藏高原了隆升对整个中国中、西部的影响。  相似文献